The Multimedia Principle

According to Clark and Mayer (2011, pp 80-83) the multimedia principle is that it is generally better that words (written or spoken) be accompanied with images (pictures or video). The combination of words and images is especially useful when the learners are relatively new to the material. Learners who already have substantial knowledge in the subject area may be able to learn effectively from either words or images alone.

Here is an example of the Multimedia Principle, derived from an explanation of how to assemble a closet kit that can be purchased from the Rubbermaid corporation.

The example above demonstrates an application of the Multimedia Principle. Users have the benefit of both words and images.

Reference

Clark, R. C. & Mayer, R.E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven Guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco: Pfeiffer.